本文目录：
电影拍摄功能介绍英文
最佳答案：
镜头类型（Shot Type）
- 特写（Close-Up）：聚焦于人物面部表情或物体细节，传递强烈情感或强调重要性。
- 中景（Medium Shot）：展现人物上半身或全身，适合日常对话场景，平衡人物与环境的关系。
- 大远景（Wide Shot）：展示广阔场景，营造氛围，帮助观众理解环境布局。
镜头运动（Camera Movement）
- 平移（Pan）：水平移动相机，展示场景中不同元素，引导观众视线。
- 倾斜（Tilt）：相机上下倾斜，改变视角，营造动态感或悬疑氛围。
- 变焦（Zoom）：改变镜头焦距，突出或远离某一元素，增强戏剧效果。
构图（Composition）
- 三分法则（Rule of Thirds）：将画面分为九个等分，主体位于线条交点或线上，营造平衡和谐感。
- 引导线（Leading Lines）：利用线条引导观众视线至画面重点，增强视觉导向性。
- 景深（Depth of Field）：通过焦点前后清晰度的差异，突出主体，营造层次感。
转场（Transition）
- 硬切（Cut）：直接切换画面，简洁明快，适用于快节奏剪辑。
- 淡入淡出（Fade）：画面逐渐出现或消失，营造时间流逝或情感转换。
- 擦拭（Wipe）：一条线或形状擦过画面，分隔两个场景，常用于对比或回忆片段。
灯光（Lighting）
- 三点布光（Three-Point Lighting）：主光、补光、背光三者结合，塑造立体感，引导视线。
- 高调照明（High Key Lighting）：强调明亮，营造轻松、愉悦的氛围。
- 低调照明（Low Key Lighting）：强调阴暗，营造神秘、紧张的情绪。
高科技交互式摄影控制系统（Motion Control）
- 简称（MoCo）：同时同步控制摄影机、拍摄物、灯光等运动动线及拍摄底片速度的交互式摄影控制系统。
- 功能：精确复制摄影机移动视点，实现特效镜头；目标跟踪功能，使数字画面和真实场景完美结合。
- 工作原理：结合硬件设备、电脑和摄像机，借助电脑控制摄影机运动，精确记录拍摄路径，实现自动化拍摄。
这些英文术语涵盖了电影拍摄中的镜头类型、镜头运动、构图、转场、灯光以及高科技摄影控制系统等方面的功能，有助于在国际团队中流畅沟通，展现创意与才华。
音乐在电影中的作用
音乐进入电影以后，成为电影这个综合艺术的一个有机部分，是一种新的音乐体裁。它在突出影片的感情、加强影片的戏剧性、渲染影片的气氛方面起着特殊的作用。但另一方面，在溶入电影以后，在它的表现形式上也发生了相应的较大的变化。具体表现在：
1电影音乐的创作和构思必须根据电影的创作要素，即题材、内容、风格样式、人物性格等因素和条件，使电影音乐的听觉形象和画面的视觉形象完美融合，体现导演的总体构思和美学欣赏原则。
2 电影音乐根据影片剧情和画面长度分段陈述间断出现，并受电影蒙太奇的制约，曲式概念有了新的发展。
3电影音乐改变了以前音乐必须是用"乐音"构成的传统观念，和电影中的话语、音响等结合，形成了新的分段陈述的结构，并和"噪音"一起相结合，有时音乐与语言结合，有时音乐和音响效果结合，有时与两者都结合去恰如其分地表现抒情性、戏剧性气氛，成为一种新形式。
4另外，电影音乐的演奏、演唱必须经过录音、洗印等一系列电影制作工艺，最后通过放映影片才能体现它的艺术功能和效果。随着录音技术和器乐、配器技术和发展，已极大地丰富了电影音乐的音色和配器效果。
电影音乐按照在影片中出现的方式分为现实性音乐和功能性音乐。现实性音乐又叫客观音乐，在影片画面上看到声音来源：如画面音乐会表演的器乐、声乐节目；剧中人物的唱歌、拉琴、街头演唱以及画面中的收音机、录音机播放音乐等。功能性音乐又称主观音乐，在银幕上看不到声音来源而有作曲家为电影创作的音乐，着中表现画面人物的心理活动、情绪和渲染环境创作的音乐，着中表现画面中人物的心理活动、情绪和渲染环境气氛等。好的电影音乐应当和影片画面结合得天衣无缝，音乐本身也优秀，并能离开画面作为一种新的音乐让人欣赏。
电影音乐和画面的结合关系通常分为音画同步和音画对位两种。音画同步表现为音乐和画面的情绪一致，节奏配合，视觉内容统一，并起到烘托、渲染画面的作用。音画对位则是让音乐和画面作不同侧面、不同角度、不同层次的表现，使节奏、速度、情绪、和意境都表现不同，声音和画面相反相成，对立统一。
"对位"本是音乐术语，在这里来表现声画的结合目的在于更能表现人物的内心世界，反映生活的复杂性、多面性，从而表达影片丰富的内涵。
电影音乐根据影片需要，需要确定音乐的风格、主题音乐的性格特征、音乐布局和高潮的设置、音乐和影片中语言音响等声音的有机结合和安排、每段音乐的起止、情绪气氛以及画面的关系。电影作曲往往需要用大量音乐资料加以剪辑来改编成电影音乐，这需要熟悉音乐资料、善用音乐资料。电影音乐作曲必须懂得乐队、乐器和配器，在作曲的时候考虑用什么样的乐队、用什么类型音乐、如何配器，另外电影乐团的作曲和指挥对音乐的长度和演奏速度的把握能力也尤为突出，在和画面配音时这方面的适应能力也特别强。在音乐进入电子化时代后，对各种新颖乐器和电声乐队也必须驾轻就熟，掌握它的音响特点和表现特征。
电影歌曲是电影音乐中的一个重要部分。分主题歌和插曲，对推动情节和揭示情感有着重要的作用，极富感染力。
专业电影工作者最常用的办法是雇一位作曲家，让他为电影的不同场景作曲，但有时也启用一些现成的音乐作品，可以是旧的，也可以是新的，只要获得它的版权。电影音乐的作曲是安排在剪接好画面以后，所以有时间的紧迫性，作曲是后期制作的最后一个创作人员。通常电影音乐综合了导演的作曲家的意见，一旦标定了音乐后便开始创作，作曲家还必须了解影片在音乐制作方面的预算，控制费用不超支。使用流行乐作为影片音乐需要办理版权许可证，这是个花钱的过程。有雄厚资本的剧组才敢问津。
入行途径：
先入音乐那行再入电影音乐这行。不一定要科班出身哦，严肃音乐以外的一些地下音乐工作者也有可能为电影音乐作曲。
急，Alien 《异形》电影英语介绍或英文影评
剧情介绍：
While returning from a deep-space mission, the crew of the commercial spaceship Nostromo is awakened by a supposed SOS call from a system they are passing through. Descending to the planets surface, they discover a strange derelict spaceship - the apparent source of the transmission - and one of the crew descends into the hold. What he finds are thousands of strange alien eggs. While examining one of the eggs, it hatches and the parasite inside attacks him. After returning to the Nostromo the crew takes off again to head for Earth. The alien parasite subsequently dies and all seems well again. But what no one knows is that another alien is quietly forming within its host - and when it emerges, the crew finds itself in serious trouble.
英文影评：
In "Alien" we follow a seven man crew en-route to earth on board the huge space freighter "Nostromo". The crew is in cryosleep, but the on board computer interrupts the journey when a foreign radio signal is picked up. It originates from an uninhabited planet and the crew lands to investigate. There they make contact with an alien life-form..
What makes Alien so great is the constant feel of uneasiness. Right from the beginning you have a feeling that something is wrong. The crew is not particularly friendly towards each other, and you truly feel all the in-group tension. The ship itself is a huge worn out industrial-style maze of halls and corridors, and it feels more like a prison than a place to live. It is as if not only the alien but also the ship itself is against the humans. The Alien itself is the scariest monster in history because it is a ruthless, soul-less parasite completely devoid of any human or civilized traits. The design of the monster is a stroke of genius. Sure it has a humanoid form, but it has no facial traits or anything else which could give away emotions or intentions. Its actions reveals no weaknesses nor civilized intelligence. The Alien is more or less the opposite of everything human and civilized, plus the creature is more well-adapted to the inhumane interior of the ship than the humans who build it. To sum up, you then have a setting where the humans are caught in a web of in-group tensions, an inhospitable ship and the perfect killer which thrives in the ships intestines. You almost get the feel that the humans are the ones who are alienated to each other and to their own ship.
Ridley Scott tells the story with a perfectly synchronized blend of visuals and sounds.
The actors do a superb job, portraying their characters in a subtle but very realistic way. The seven man crew is not a bunch of Hollywood heroes. They are ordinary people with strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes. In this way they all seem so fragile when confronted with the enemy.
As mentioned the ship is very claustrophobic and Ridley Scott adds to the eeriness by using camera movement, lights and shadows in an effective way. The living quarters are bright and should be comfortable to the crew, but there is something sterile about it all. The rest of the ship is basically a huge basement.
The music by Jerry Goldsmith underlines the eeriness so well, and the movie wouldnt have worked without his score. Combined with the sounds of the ship it all adds to the uneasiness.
This is not a story about heroic people who boldly teams up against evil. Its a story about ordinary people facing true fear, which is the fear without a face. The fear we cant understand and cant negotiate with, because its only goal is to survive on the expense of us. Its a story where some people bravely fight back whilst others are destroyed by the terror. Its a story where people a killed in a completely random way. There is no higher-order justice behind who gets to live and who dies. All seven characters are just part of a race where the fittest - not necessarily the most righteous - will prevail, and all seven characters start the race on an equal footing. None of them are true heroes, and none of them are true villains.
All the above makes Alien so great as a horror movie. The terror isnt just the Alien itself, its the entire atmosphere which gets so effectively under your skin, that you just cant shrug it off after the end credits like you can with so many other Hollywood horror movies. The title "Alien" doesnt just refer to the monster, it is the theme of the movie and it is the feeling you have during and after the movie.
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